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The Top 10 Questions about COPD and Their Answers

Posted on by mlaming

The Top 10 Questions about COPD and Their Answers

When hearing the acronym COPD many different questions and thoughts may go through your head. Like what does the Colorado police department have to do with my personal health? Or Is this one of those spell ICUP tricks? However, COPD is a general term to categorize difficulty with breathing and airflow conditions. The term was first used by William Briscoe at the 9th Aspen Emphysema Conference of 1965. For those of us in Michigan, the disease affects about 7.5% of adults which is slightly higher than the national average of 5.9%. So it is even more important for us to discuss and answer some of the common questions about this condition.

1: What Does COPD stand for?

COPD is an acronym for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This term covers a group of diseases that cause “airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. These include diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, and cystic fibrosis.

2: Are COPD and Emphysema the same?

They are not the same but one is a category above the other. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Similar to how Alzheimer’s and Lewy Body are under the dementia umbrella.  Other diseases under this umbrella term include chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and asthma. 

3: Will COPD Kill You?

It depends on the type of condition you have but yes. These conditions affect your body’s ability to take in the required oxygen it needs to function. In less severe cases this won’t have too large of an effect on your health if treated correctly. However, many of these conditions are often progressive and get worse over time, resulting in a large decrease in oxygen in your system which can ultimately lead to death. COPD is especially deadly when paired with other conditions that affect your blood and airways. This includes things such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, and lung cancers. 

4: How Is COPD Diagnosed?

COPD can be diagnosed via a variety of tests and scans. One of them is a lung function test that measures the amount of air you can inhale and exhale and whether your lungs deliver enough oxygen to your blood. A chest x-ray can be used to diagnose emphysema in individuals while also ruling out lung problems or heart failure. A CT scan can also provide similar results and additionally help determine if you might need surgery for COPD. There are also blood tests like Arterial blood gas analysis which measure how well the lungs bring oxygen into your blood and remove carbon dioxide.

5: How does COPD affect the body?

With COPD, the airways in your lungs become inflamed and thickened, and the tissue where oxygen is exchanged is destroyed causing a variety of issues and effects across the body. First, these tightened airways lead to difficulty breathing in those with this condition. Sadly this often gets progressively worse over the years or with further exposure to harmful conditions. Furthermore, the destroyed tissues and lack of oxygen will begin to cause other parts of the body to decay and potentially cease to function. This often starts in our extremities such as fingers or toes losing circulation in their capillaries and can progress closer and closer to the lungs/heart.

6: How does COPD Affect Daily Life?

COPD causes issues with breathing. This can make what was once an easy task such as getting across the hall increasingly difficult as you run out of breath more easily. You still may be able to drive yourself to the store or to your errands but pushing around a cart or walking around the store will likely become more difficult as you pause to catch your breath. The same goes for attempting to go up and down stairs or large inclines. You may also experience difficulty maintaining yourself and your surroundings. You may no longer have the energy to clean around your home or the increased difficulty may result in agitation. Services such as housekeepers, home care, and volunteer caregivers (often from your local senior services) can assist in decreasing the stress and anxiety related to this limitation. 

7: When COPD is life-threatening?

When COPD enters its end stage, stage 4, it can become fatal. It typically takes an individual a few years of living with the disease to get to this point. This stage is where the lung damage caused by COPD has taken a large toll on your body and severely limits your functions. The aforementioned lack of oxygen can cause you to not be able to feel or uses certain parts of your body. The body eventually has too little oxygen coming into it to function and an individual will pass. 

8: COPD Where does it come from?

COPD often develops due to long-term lung damage from breathing in harmful substances. This can include things such as cigarette smoke and air pollution. Smoking of other sorts such as vaping or marijuana can also lead to the development of COPD. Secondhand exposure to smoke can also lead to lung damage and COPD. The longer and more intensive the exposure, the more likely you are to develop COPD. 

9: Who is most at risk for COPD?

People who smoke have the largest risk of developing COPD. This relation is linear so the more you smoke and the longer you smoke, the more at risk you are. This includes smoking a pipe, cigar, cigarette, and even marijuana. Those exposed to large amounts of secondhand smoke are also at risk of developing COPD. 

10: Can COPD be reversed?

Though symptoms can be treated, COPD can not be reversed or cured. The effects can be managed with a variety of treatments and lifestyle changes but can never be fully cured. The first step for treatment is to quit smoking. This is a vital step to prevent COPD from getting worse and prevent your lungs from becoming more damaged. There are plenty of nicotine replacement products such as patches and gum to assist with withdrawal symptoms. The next step is often one of the different types of medication to assist with the symptoms and complications of COPD. This includes short and long-acting bronchodilators which help relax the muscles around your airways. There are also inhaled steroids that can help reduce airway inflammation and are often prescribed for those with frequent and intense symptoms of COPD. There are also types of lung therapies for those with more moderate or severe COPD. The two most common are oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Oxygen therapy helps deliver an increased amount of oxygen to your lungs to assist with loss of breath. Small and portable units can assist with shortness of breath when out and about in your daily life. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are a combination of exercise training, nutrition advice, education, and counseling. Your doctor will likely refer you to a specialist if this program is recommended. These programs are referred to individuals with worsening COPD and can help prevent hospital readmissions. Finally, there are surgeries available such as lung transplants, bullectomy, and lung volume reduction surgery. 

Bonus: Resources

For those of you who are currently diagnosed with COPD or your loved one is, we have included a list of resources available. The best place to start to educate yourself is the Mayo Clinic and CDC websites. Both feature a wealth of information for further study and assistance. Our next suggestion is to visit the National Institutes of Health website and look at their Learn More Breathe Better program. This program aims to assist individuals with COPD alleviate their symptoms and find local treatment options. This program also provides a toolkit for caregivers of COPD loved ones. 

Conclusion

Hopefully, this article did not only inform you but also answer some of your own lingering questions about Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We recommend you talk things over with your primary care provider if you are having difficulty breathing or have concerns about your COPD. We also have a list of breathing exercises you can do to assist in strengthening your lungs here. 

Diabetes: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on by mlaming

Diabetes: A Comprehensive Guide

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps to regulate blood sugar levels in the body. When there is a deficiency or resistance to insulin, the body is unable to maintain normal blood sugar levels, leading to diabetes. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on diabetes, covering its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Types of Diabetes

There are three main types of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder that usually develops in children and young adults. It occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells (beta cells) in the pancreas, leading to a complete lack of insulin. People with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy to regulate their blood sugar levels. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not known, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases. It usually develops in adults, but it can also occur in children and adolescents. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It usually goes away after the baby is born, but women who develop gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Gestational diabetes occurs when the hormones produced during pregnancy cause insulin resistance, leading to high blood sugar levels. Women who are overweight or obese, have a family history of diabetes, or are older than 25 years are at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.

Causes of Diabetes

The causes of diabetes vary depending on the type of diabetes. Here are some of the common causes of each type of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Autoimmune disorder
  • Environmental factors such as viruses and toxins

Type 2 Diabetes

  • Obesity and physical inactivity
  • Unhealthy diet
  • Genetics and family history
  • Aging

Gestational Diabetes

  • Hormonal changes during pregnancy
  • Genetics and family history
  • Obesity and physical inactivity

Symptoms of Diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Here are some of the common symptoms of each type of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes

  • Frequent urination
  • Excessive thirst
  • Extreme hunger
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Blurred vision
  • Irritability and mood changes

Type 2 Diabetes

  • Frequent urination
  • Excessive thirst
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow healing of cuts and bruises
  • Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Recurrent infections such as thrush and urinary tract infections

Gestational Diabetes

  • Increased thirst
  • Increased urination
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Blurred vision
  • Nausea and vomiting

It is important to note that some people with diabetes may not experience any symptoms, especially in the early stages of the condition.

Diagnosis of Diabetes

The diagnosis of diabetes is based on several factors, including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Here are some of the common diagnostic tools. 

 

Medical History

The doctor will ask questions about the patient's symptoms, medical history, and family history of diabetes. They will also ask about lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and smoking.

Physical Examination

The doctor will perform a physical examination to check for signs of diabetes such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and excess weight.

Laboratory Tests

The doctor will order several laboratory tests to diagnose diabetes, including:

  • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: This test measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours. A level of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): This test measures blood glucose levels 2 hours after drinking a glucose-rich beverage. A level of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
  • Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) Test: This test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. A level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes.

Treatment of Diabetes

The treatment of diabetes aims to control blood sugar levels and prevent or manage complications. The treatment plan will vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Here are some of the common treatments for each type of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes

  • Insulin therapy: People with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy to regulate their blood sugar levels. Insulin can be given through injections or an insulin pump.
  • Blood sugar monitoring: People with type 1 diabetes need to monitor their blood sugar levels several times a day to adjust their insulin doses.
  • Healthy lifestyle: Eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking can help to manage blood sugar levels and prevent complications.

Type 2 Diabetes

  • Healthy lifestyle: Losing weight, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can help to control blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
  • Medications: Some people with type 2 diabetes may require oral medications or insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels.
  • Blood sugar monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels can help to adjust the treatment plan and prevent complications.

Gestational Diabetes

  • Healthy lifestyle: Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly can help to control blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
  • Blood sugar monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels can help to prevent complications during pregnancy.
  • Medications: Some women with gestational diabetes may require insulin therapy to control their blood sugar levels.

Prevention of Diabetes

Preventing diabetes involves making healthy lifestyle choices and managing risk factors. Here are some ways to prevent diabetes:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight can help to prevent diabetes.
  • Eating a healthy diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can help to prevent diabetes.
  • Exercising regularly: Physical activity can help to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent diabetes.
  • Avoiding smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing diabetes and other chronic diseases.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by a deficiency or resistance to insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. The symptoms and treatment of diabetes vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Preventing diabetes involves making healthy lifestyle choices and managing risk factors. By making lifestyle changes and seeking medical care, people with diabetes can manage their condition and prevent complications.

Understanding Stroke: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention.

Posted on by mlaming

A stroke is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, causing damage to brain cells. It is an extremely dangerous medical emergency that requires immediate attention. The quicker a stroke is detected and treated, the less damage is done to the brain. Ignoring a stroke will lead to serious, permanent damage, and in some cases death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 11% of all deaths globally. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about a stroke, including its symptoms, causes, treatment, and prevention.

Symptoms of a Stroke

Recognizing the symptoms of stroke is crucial because timely intervention can prevent long-term damage. The symptoms of stroke usually come on suddenly and can vary depending on the type of stroke and which part of the brain is affected. Some of the most common symptoms of stroke include:

  • Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
  • Confusion, trouble speaking, or understanding speech
  • Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
  • Severe headache with no apparent cause
  • Dizziness, loss of balance, or trouble walking
  • Trouble with coordination or fine motor skills

If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms, call for emergency medical assistance immediately. If your loved one is at risk for a stroke (discussed later) it may be helpful to keep a list of emergency contacts. 

Types of Stroke

There are three main types of stroke, which are:

Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for around 85% of all cases. It occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain becomes blocked, usually by a blood clot. Without blood flow, the affected part of the brain begins to die, leading to permanent damage.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Hemorrhagic stroke is less common but more severe than ischemic stroke. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain. The bleeding can cause swelling and pressure, leading to further damage.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A transient ischemic attack, also known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. It produces symptoms similar to a stroke but typically lasts for a few minutes to a few hours and does not cause permanent damage. However, a TIA can be a warning sign of an impending stroke, and medical attention should be sought immediately.

Causes of a Stroke

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of a stroke occurring. Some of the most common causes of stroke include:

  • High blood pressure
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • High cholesterol
  • Obesity
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Family history of stroke
  • Previous stroke or TIA
  • Age (over 55)
  • Gender (men have a higher risk)
  • Race (African Americans and Hispanics have a higher risk)

Treatment of Strokes

Treatment for stroke depends on the type of stroke and the severity of the damage. The goal of treatment is to restore blood flow to the affected part of the brain and prevent further damage. Some common treatments for stroke include:

Ischemic Stroke Treatment

  • Clot-busting drugs: Medications such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can dissolve blood clots and restore blood flow to the brain. These drugs must be administered within a few hours of the stroke occurring to be effective.
  • Mechanical thrombectomy: This procedure involves using a catheter to remove the blood clot from the blocked artery. It is only effective for certain types of strokes and must be done within a few hours of the stroke occurring.

Hemorrhagic Stroke Treatment

  • Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the blood clot or repair the ruptured blood vessel.
  • Medications: Medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, reduce swelling, and eliminate extra water from the body. 

Rehabilitation after a Stroke

Stroke can cause a range of disabilities, depending on the severity and location of the brain damage. Rehabilitation is an essential part of the recovery process and can help patients regain lost abilities and improve their quality of life. Some common rehabilitation techniques for stroke include:

  • Physical therapy: This can help improve strength, mobility, and coordination.
  • Speech therapy: This can help patients regain their ability to speak, understand speech, and swallow.
  • Occupational therapy: This can help patients relearn skills needed for daily living, such as dressing, cooking, and writing.
  • Cognitive therapy: This can help patients regain their ability to think, reason, and remember

Prevention of a Stroke

Preventing a stroke is the best way to reduce the risk of long-term damage and disability. Some effective ways to prevent stroke include:

  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: This includes eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking.
  • Managing underlying health conditions: This includes managing conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
  • Taking medication as prescribed: If you have been prescribed medication for an underlying condition, be sure to take it as directed.
  • Seeking prompt medical attention: If you experience any symptoms of stroke, seek medical attention immediately. Remember that time is crucial when it comes to treating stroke.

Conclusion

A stroke is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Recognizing the symptoms of stroke and seeking prompt medical attention can help prevent long-term damage and disability. Understanding the risk factors for stroke and taking steps to prevent it can also help reduce the risk of a stroke occurring. If you have any concerns about stroke or your risk for stroke, be sure to speak with your healthcare provider.

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Matthew Laming

Client Relations Specialist at GLHCU. Graduate of Northwood University. General Geek and Nerd Enthusiast.

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You Don’t Need to Be a Nurse To Understand Parkinson’s

Posted on by mlaming

You Don't Need to Be a Nurse To Understand Parkinson’s

photo of brain with and without parkinsons
PET scans of a (a) normal brain and (b) brain with Parkinson disease [51].

First off, what is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive brain and nerve disease that affects a small area of nerve cells (neurons) in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra. These cells normally produce dopamine, a chemical (neurotransmitter) that transmits signals between areas in the brain. These signals, when working normally, coordinate smooth and balanced muscle movement. Parkinson's disease, however, causes the neurons in the substantia nigra to die, leading to a lack of dopamine in the brain. The loss of dopamine leads to a loss of the ability to control body movements normally. This is often displayed in tremors or “freezing” while trying to walk or get up. 

 

Causes of Parkinsons (1)

What Causes Parkinson's?

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown but several key factors play a role. Researchers have identified specific genetic mutations that can cause Parkinson’s disease. However, they are uncommon except in rare cases with many family members affected by Parkinson’s disease. This research has also shown that certain gene variations appear to increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease but with a relatively small risk of Parkinson’s. Researchers have also noted that many changes occur in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease, although it's not clear why these changes occur. These changes include The presence of Lewy bodies. Clumps of specific substances within brain cells are microscopic markers of Parkinson's disease. These are called Lewy bodies, and researchers believe these Lewy bodies hold an important clue to the cause of Parkinson's disease. Alpha-synuclein is found within Lewy bodies. Although many substances are found within Lewy bodies, scientists believe an important one is a natural and widespread protein called alpha-synuclein (a-synuclein). It's found in all Lewy bodies in a clumped form that cells can't break down. This is currently an important focus among Parkinson's disease researchers.

Risk Factors-Parkinsons

What Are Some Of The Common Risk Factors?

Age. Young adults rarely experience Parkinson's disease. It ordinarily begins in middle or late life, and the risk increases with age. People usually develop the disease around age 60 or older. Heredity. Having a close relative with Parkinson's disease increases the chances that you'll develop the disease. However, your risks are still small unless you have many relatives in your family with Parkinson's disease. Gender. Men are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than are women. Exposure to toxins. Ongoing exposure to herbicides and pesticides may slightly increase your risk of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinsons Symptoms

What are the Early Warning Signs/Symptoms?

There are a wide variety of early warning signs. The first and most obvious is tremors. you or a loved one may have noticed a slight shaking or tremor in your finger, thumb, hand, or chin. A tremor while at rest is a common early sign of Parkinson's disease. Shaking can be normal after lots of exercise, if you are stressed or if you have been injured. Shaking could also be caused by a medicine you take. A second warning sign is small handwriting. Those suffering from Parkinson’s may notice the way they write words on a page has changed, such as letter sizes are smaller and the words are crowded together. A change in handwriting may be a sign of Parkinson's disease called micrographia. However, sometimes writing can change as you get older, if you have stiff hands or fingers or poor vision. A third warning sign is loss of smell. Have you noticed you no longer smell certain foods very well? If you seem to have more trouble smelling foods like bananas, dill pickles, or licorice, you should ask your doctor about Parkinson's. Your sense of smell can be changed by a variety of factors including cold, flu, or a stuffy nose, but it should come back when you are better. A fourth warning sign is difficulty sleeping. Do you thrash around in bed or act out dreams when you are deeply asleep? Sudden movements during sleep may be a sign of Parkinson's disease. It is normal for everyone to have a night when they 'toss and turn' instead of sleeping. Similarly, quick jerks of the body when initiation sleep or when in lighter sleep are common and often normal. A fifth early warning sign is trouble moving or walking. Do you feel stiff in your body, arms, or legs? Have others noticed that your arms don’t swing as they used to when you walk? Sometimes stiffness goes away as you move. If it does not, it can be a sign of Parkinson's disease. An early sign might be stiffness or pain in your shoulder or hips. People sometimes say their feet seem “stuck to the floor.” However, If you have injured your arm or shoulder, you may not be able to use it as well until it is healed, or another illness like arthritis might cause the same symptoms. A sixth early warning sign would be constipation. Do you have trouble moving your bowels without straining every day? Straining to move your bowels can be an early sign of Parkinson's disease and you should talk to your doctor.  Also If you do not have enough water or fiber in your diet, it can cause problems in the bathroom. Also, some medicines, especially those used for pain, will cause constipation. If there is no other reason such as diet or medicine that would cause you to have trouble moving your bowels, you should speak with your doctor. A seventh early warning sign is a soft or low voice. Have other people told you that your voice is very soft or that you sound hoarse? If there has been a change in your voice you should see your doctor about whether it could be Parkinson's disease. Sometimes you might think other people are losing their hearing when really you are speaking more softly. However a chest cold or other virus can cause your voice to sound different, but you should go back to sounding the same when you get over your cough or cold. An eighth warning sign is a masked face. Have you been told that you have a serious, depressed or mad look on your face, even when you are not in a bad mood? This is often called facial masking. If so, you should ask your doctor about Parkinson's disease. Some medicines can cause you to have the same type of serious or staring look, but you would go back to the way you were after you stopped the medication. A ninth warning sign is a dizziness or fainting. Do you notice that you often feel dizzy when you stand up out of a chair? Feeling dizzy or fainting can be a sign of low blood pressure and can be linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Everyone has had a time when they stood up and felt dizzy, but if it happens on a regular basis you should see your doctor. A tenth warning sign is stooping or hunching over. Are you not standing up as straight as you used to? If you or your family or friends notice that you seem to be stooping, leaning, or slouching when you stand, it could be a sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). If you have pain from an injury or if you are sick, it might cause you to stand crookedly. Also, a problem with your bones can make you hunch over.

Are There Other Conditions Linked to Parkinson’s?

Parkinson’s Disease can also lead to conditions Including Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension (nOH). Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a persistent drop in blood pressure that occurs upon moving from sitting to standing or from lying down to sitting up or standing. Doctors define it as a blood pressure drop of 20 millimeters of mercury (20 mm Hg) in systolic blood pressure (the top number in a blood pressure reading), or a drop of 10 millimeters in diastolic blood pressure. When OH happens in people with PD or other nervous system disorders, it is called neurogenic OH (nOH). Damage caused by these disorders, including PD, can result in the nervous system not being able to make or release norepinephrine — a chemical that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. This causes dizziness or lightheadedness. The range of people affected by nOH is large; estimates suggest anywhere from 10 to 65 percent of people with PD develop nOH. This symptom is common in mid-and late-stage Parkinson’s, but can also happen earlier in the disease. OH, symptoms include Lightheadedness, Dizziness, Weakness, Difficulty thinking, Headache, and Feeling faint. Another condition that can affect people with Parkinson’s is Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA). Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is characterized by frequent, uncontrollable outbursts of crying or laughing. It happens when a nervous system disorder, such as PD, affects the brain areas controlling the expression of emotion. This disrupts brain signaling and triggers involuntary episodes. Outbursts are usually brief, though they can be intense and may occur several times per day. PBA is often mistaken for depression or bipolar disorder. The episodes often do not match the situation or the person’s feelings. You may be happy about something but start sobbing, or laugh in an inappropriate situation. PBA used to be referred to as “emotional incontinence” or “pathological laughing and crying.” These terms are not commonly used today because researchers better understand the brain and PBA symptoms. Pseudobulbar affect can also occur in people with brain injuries. According to PBA Info, up to 24 percent of people with PD have symptoms that may suggest PBA. 

 

Ok, But How Can I Manage Parkinson’s?

Exercise helps manage Parkinson’s symptoms. Exercise is vital to maintaining balance, mobility, and activities of daily living. There are a number of different types of exercise, and each kind can benefit a person with PD. In addition to a variety of types of exercise, consistency and intensity are also important to get benefits from exercise. People with PD who have participated in regular exercise for durations longer than six months have seen significant progress and benefits. The intensity of the exercise is measured by how much it increases heart rate and respiration rate. People with PD who exercise with intensity experience greater benefits. Recent research indicates that high-intensity interval training may be more effective than longer periods of moderate intensity. Even people in advanced stages of the disease can participate in these high-intensity programs. Balance exercises are those that aim to improve balance and increase lower body strength. Balance exercises are particularly important to reduce the risk of falls by improving the way a body can adjust and maintain its position. Strengthening exercises build muscle mass, which improves the ability to perform many daily activities, like standing from a chair. Strength exercises usually focus on one part of the body, such as arms or legs, and should be rotated to exercise all the major muscle groups. Strengthening exercises use weights or resistance, and they may also be called resistance exercises. Endurance exercise, or cardiovascular exercise, raises the heart rate and breathing for an extended period of time. Examples of endurance exercises are walking, jogging, swimming, and dancing. This kind of exercise is also called aerobic activity. Flexibility exercises are those that focus on stretching and maintaining movement and range of motion. Maintaining flexibility is critical to maintaining the ability to perform daily activities like reaching for objects from a shelf and getting dressed.5

Some types of exercise have shown particular benefits to the needs of people with Parkinson’s including Cycling, such as on stationary bicycles, which helps reduce the symptoms of PD, particularly when cycling at higher rates. Dancing helps people with PD maintain mobility, flexibility, and balance. Some people with PD find that playing sports helps them stay active and maintain their mobility. Sports that people with PD have found beneficial include boxing, swimming, and gymnastics. A great program for those with Parkinson’s is the Rock Steady Boxing program which has over 700 gyms across the globe. “Rock Steady Boxing is a nonprofit gym that provides an effective and fun exercise program for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Studies suggest that intense exercise programs may be ‘neuroprotective’ actually working to delay the progression of symptoms.” The cost of membership is $100 per month.

 

 

Is There A Way To Prevent It?

Because the cause of Parkinson's is unknown, proven ways to prevent the disease also remain a mystery. Some research has shown that regular aerobic exercise might reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease. Some other research has shown that people who consume caffeine — which is found in coffee, tea, and cola — get Parkinson's disease less often than those who don't drink it. Green tea is also related to a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, it is still not known whether caffeine actually protects against getting Parkinson's, or is related in some other way. Currently, there is not enough evidence to suggest drinking caffeinated beverages to protect against Parkinson's.

Are There Treatments?

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment approach when it comes to Parkinson’s. Some common treatments include Dopamine promoter medications to counteract the loss of dopamine emitters due to the disease. Other symptoms countering medications include antidepressants, cognition-enhancing medications, and anti-tremor medication. All of which may or may not be prescribed based on your loved one’s symptoms. One of the current treatments is Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment for symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including tremors, stiffness, and trouble walking. It can also treat the side effects of Parkinson's medicines. DBS isn't a cure for Parkinson's and won't stop it from getting worse. But it may be an option if you've had the disease for at least 5 years and don't get enough relief from medicine. For some people, DBS is life-changing. For others, the results aren't as good. If it doesn't help you, your doctor can take the device out. How does it work? A small device placed inside your chest sends electrical pulses to your brain. The pulses block nerve signals that cause Parkinson's symptoms. A DBS system has four parts a thin wire, called a lead, that's placed in the part of your brain causing symptoms, a pulse generator, like a pacemaker, that sends tiny electrical signals to the lead, a wire that connects the lead to the pulse generator and remote control to program the system -- the only part outside your body. After the system is in place and turned on, a DBS expert will adjust it so you get the best relief for your symptoms. You can also control the system yourself. You can turn it off and on, check the battery, and tweak the settings. Therapy can help a lot with the mental symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Talking to a licensed therapist about the mental challenges you are facing and the emotions you are feeling can help put your mind more at ease. These individuals are also extremely skilled in helping you develop skills to manage depressive or emotional flare-ups on your own. Another treatment is Guided Imagery. Guided imagery is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body. Guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape." This technique, which can aid any treatment or procedure, provides a powerful psychological strategy that enhances a person's coping skills. Many people dealing with stress feel loss of control, fear, panic, anxiety, helplessness, and uncertainty. Research has shown that guided imagery can dramatically counteract these effects. It can help people overcome stress, anger, pain, depression, insomnia, and other problems often associated with illnesses and medical/surgical procedures. It is clear that stress and depression can worsen the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. By using guided imagery, you can stay calm.

 

What Should I Do Now?

Taking action early will enable you to understand and deal with the many effects of your condition. A mental health care provider can design a treatment plan to meet your specific needs. Strategies can be designed to help you regain a sense of control over your life and improve your quality of life. Other steps include finding out as much as you can about the illness. You can go to parkinson.org or ask your family doctor about the disease. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor, nurse, or other health care provider to repeat any instructions or medical terms that you don't understand or remember. They should always be available to answer your questions and address your concerns.  One step is to make use of resources and support services offered by your hospital and in your community. These can also include the resources provided by the Parkinson’s Foundation. Another step is to talk to your friends and family about it. Don't isolate them. They will want to be involved in helping you. It is also a very important step to continue to do things you enjoy. To keep your quality of life, do not give up on your passions and hobbies.  A final step is to keep up your mental health. Learn to manage stress. This will help you to maintain a positive physical, emotional, and spiritual outlook on life. Being stressed out will only make the situation worse. You should try to organize a daily routine that will reduce stress, with downtime for both you and your family members. If you are depressed -- and this is more than just feeling sad occasionally -- antidepressants can be prescribed to help lift your mood or therapy can help you better cope with your symptoms.

How Can I Help A Loved One With Parkinson’s?

One important way to help a loved one with Parkinson’s is to learn about the disease, so you can be better informed of their journey. As time goes on you will be able to more easily adapt and aid your loved one more since you will know what to expect. We suggest you take a look at websites such as the Parkinson’s Foundation and attend medical appointments with your loved one. Don’t be afraid to ask medical professionals questions about the disease and its management, they should be happy to help. The next important step is to listen to your loved one. Sometimes the best way to help someone is to give them someone. It may take some time for your loved one to open up about their feelings but either way, it is often a weight taken off them. Another step you can take to help is to help them feel normal. Do not constantly mention the disease in discussions with them or how bad they must feel, instead try and focus on things that make them happy or share stories with each other. Also, do your best to keep them involved in family activities as they did before. A final step is to be active with them. Encourage your loved one to keep active with you, this could be taking a yoga class together or even just a simple walk around the neighborhood. Fitness improves strength, balance, memory, and quality of life in people with this condition

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Matthew Laming

Client Relations Specialist at GLHCU

Graduate of Northwood University

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3 Steps You Can Take TODAY That Will Help Your Heart Health

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3 Steps You Can Take TODAY That Will Help Your Heart Health

3 Steps

The most significant and controllable factor for heart disease is your lifestyle. Your heart is a muscle and if not taken care of properly it can atrophy and become weaker, increasing your chances of heart disease. Below are a few quick steps that can enact today to start improving your heart health.

1: Start a Low Fat and Cholesterol Diet

A diet high in fats and cholesterol is linked to heart disease and related conditions. So the first step is to cut out these types of food and limit your intake. These types of foods result in an increase in the production of cholesterol in your bloodstream which can build up and narrow arteries. Foods that should be avoided/limited are foods such as red meats, processed meats, full-fat dairy, baked goods, and fried foods. Also, it is best to avoid large amounts of salt because it increases blood pressure, putting more strain on your heart. We suggest purchasing low-sodium alternatives and refraining from adding additional salt to your food. 

2: Increase Your Physical Activity

A second step is to increase your physical activity as not getting enough physical activity can lead to heart disease. It also increases your chances of developing other medical conditions that are risk factors such as obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The general goal per the mayo clinic is 30 minutes of moderate physical activity every day This doesn’t have to be high-intensity training at your local gym, just simply walking for a little bit each day (broken up into 10-minute walks or more manageable times). If you can and have a membership, going to your local pool or community center can be a great way to get this exercise in. 

3: Stop Smoking and Decrease Your Alcohol Intake

There are also two major habits that you or your loved one can reduce/stop to greatly impact your heart health.  The first is drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure levels and can put you at risk for heart disease. You should limit your alcohol consumption to about one or two drinks per day maximum. Furthermore, alcohol leads to an increase in levels of triglycerides which are fatty substances in the blood linked to heart disease. The second habit is tobacco use. The smoke and nicotine cause damage to your heart and arteries which can be extremely difficult to undo. Secondhand smoke also increases your risk of heart disease. Changing these behaviors can greatly decrease your risk of heart disease. 

With just a few simple steps you can take great strides toward improving your heart health. These changes don’t have to be dramatic and all happen immediately, you can start by taking a short walk today (even a safe path within your home works well). The goal is to do better today than you did yesterday and make small impactful improvements. 

7 Things You Should Know About Heart Disease

Posted on by mlaming

7 Things You Should Know About Heart Disease

Heart Disease

The words heart disease and heart health are thrown around a lot when it comes to discussing one's health. There are lots of fears and questions surrounding it and rightfully so. According to the CDC, one in every four deaths in the United States is from heart disease. Furthermore, it is the number one killer for adults in the United States. When someone you love or yourself is diagnosed with one of these diseases you may experience shock, fear, and confusion. Heart disease is known as a silent killer for a reason and it lives up to that name well. So in this article, we will be covering 7 things you should know about heart disease. 

1. What Causes Heart Disease?

The three key risk factors for heart disease are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. High blood pressure puts increased strain on your heart as it pumps blood throughout your body. HBP can weaken your heart to the point where it can’t properly push blood to the rest of your body. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver or found in different foods we eat. When extra cholesterol is made or digested it builds up in the walls of our arteries which leads to a narrowing and decreased blood flow to important parts of the body. Both of these risk factors are difficult to detect due to their lack of external symptoms but can be monitored via blood pressure cuffs and blood testing respectively. The final key risk factor, Tobacco use, can increase your risk of heart disease for a variety of reasons. Cigarette smoke damages the heart and blood vessels, nicotine raises blood pressure, and carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen your blood can carry throughout your body.

2. What Are Some of The Common Types of Heart Disease?

  • Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscles that makes it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. Chambers become enlarged resulting in suboptimal blood flow throughout the body. Cardiomyopathy is typically caused by viral infections in the heart or genetics. 
  • Congenital Heart Disease is a broad term for a wide range of heart birth defects that develop before birth. This can include defective vessels, leaky valves, and even holes in the heart. Serious cases require a heart transplant but in other cases, less invasive surgeries or treatments can be done. These conditions are relatively rare with less than 200,000 cases in the U.S. per year. 
  • Coronary Artery Disease, also often called atherosclerotic heart disease, is the damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels. This is often caused by the buildup of fat deposits called plaque that restricts the blood flow to and from the heart. The disease is very common with around 3 million cases in the U.S. per year. 
  • Heart Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat. This is caused by a malfunction of the heart's electrical field which will cause it to beat too fast, too slow, or out of rhythm. The most common type is Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib). This condition affects around 3 million Americans per year. Minor cases can be harder to detect due to a lack of symptoms while more serious cases are treated with procedures, implants, or medication. 
  • Heart Failure, sometimes called congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood properly. This is due to either stiff and thickening of chambers or the stretching and thinning of chambers in the heart. It is a chronic heart condition that is common with more than 200,000 cases in the U.S. per year. 
  • Heart Valve Disease occurs when the valves in the heart do not function properly. Though there are several different types of heart valve diseases the two most common are valvular stenosis which occurs when the valve does not fully open due to stiff or fused leaflets. The other is valvular insufficiency which is when a valve does not close tightly, often called a “leaky valve”. These conditions affect about 5 million Americans according to the American Heart Association. 
  • Pericardial Disease is the inflammation of any layers of the pericardium, a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart. The pericardial is broken down into three layers, the visceral pericardium which is the inner layer that envelops the heat, the middle fluid layer that separates the upper and lower layers, then the parietal pericardium is the outer, fibrous tissue. Symptoms include chest pains, increased heart rate, and a low-grade fever. 

3. What Are The Common Sings of Heart Disease?

Unlike many other diseases, heart disease can be hard to detect due to its lack of present symptoms. However, the three most common signs/symptoms of heart disease are 

  • Arrhythmia
  • Heart Attacks
  • Heart Failure. 

Arrhythmia is simply the improper beating of the heart which is due to electrical impulses in the heart not working properly. They are extremely common with over 3 million cases in the United States alone (Mayo Foundation, 2021).  A common type of Arrhythmia is Atrial Fibrillation, also called A-Fib. Atrial Fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that can lead to blood clots in the heart. The heart's upper chambers (atria) beat out of sync with the lower chambers(ventricles) giving the condition its name. Those with Arrhythmia often feel a fluttering sensation in their chest or palpitations. 

The next common symptom is a heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction. Heart attacks happen when part of the heart does not get enough blood. Symptoms include tightness or pain in the chest, Heartburn, nausea, and vomiting are also common symptoms. Along with dizziness, extreme fatigue, and shortness of breath. Heart attacks can be deadly and it is best to get to the emergency room if you or a loved one is experiencing such symptoms. 

The final symptom is heart failure which is when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in the body. When someone is experiencing heart failure they will often have symptoms such as shortness of breath both during daily activities and lying down. Unexpected weight gain with swelling in areas such as feet, ankles, legs, and stomach is also a common symptom. Additionally general feelings of tiredness or weakness. 

4. What Behaviors Increase The Risk of Heart Disease?

The biggest and most controllable factor for heart disease is your lifestyle. Eating a diet that is high in fats and cholesterol is linked to heart disease and related conditions. These types of foods result in an increase in the production of cholesterol in your bloodstream which can build up and narrow arteries.  Also, it is best to avoid large amounts of salt due to it increasing blood pressure. Not getting enough physical activity can lead to heart disease. It also increases your chances of developing other medical conditions that are risk factors such as obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Next, drinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure levels and put you at risk for heart disease. It is suggested that you limit your alcohol consumption to about one or two drinks per day maximum. Furthermore, alcohol leads to an increase in levels of triglycerides which are fatty substances in the blood linked to heart disease. As mentioned in number one tobacco use is a huge and final risk when it comes to heart disease. The smoke and nicotine cause damage to your heart and arteries which can be extremely difficult to undo. Secondhand smoke also increases your risk of heart disease. Changing these behaviors can greatly decrease your risk of heart disease. 

5. Are Genetics A Risk Factor?

Genetics can play a role in developing heart disease however there are often other risk factors at play. If you have a family history of heart disease it is important to evaluate whether they shared a common environment or similar unhealthy lifestyle choices. Now when heredity and unhealthy living choices combine there is an increase in risk for heart disease but it is unlikely to develop just on heredity alone.

6. What Are The Treamtents For Heart Disease?

Treatments for heart disease vary depending on the condition and severity of it. Common treatments include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, stents, pacemakers, and ablation. 

  • Angioplasty is a procedure that uses very little cutting to open up a blocked artery by the heart. 
  • Cardioversion is done in two different ways. One is a procedure in which a machine sends electrical energy to the heart muscle in an attempt to get your heart beating in a proper rhythm. For less serious cases medication may be prescribed or given through an IV to help slow or quicken your heartbeat. 
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the repeated compression of a patient’s chest, performed in an attempt to restore the blood circulation and breathing of a person who has suffered cardiac arrest. 
  • Drug-Eluting Stents is a small metal mesh coil that is placed in a blocked coronary artery. This coil is coated in medication to help reopen an artery and keep it open. 
  • External Counterpulsation (EECP) is a non-invasive treatment that lowers the number and intensity of angina episodes. Treatment is administered through pairs of inflatable cuffs applied in certain areas of the body. 
  • Heart Bypass Surgery is when a surgeon takes blood vessels from another part of a patient's body and goes around a blocked artery. This allows for more blood and oxygen flow to the heart. 
  • A Heart Transplant is a surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. The diseased or failing heart is removed from the body and a healthy donor's heart is then put in place.
  • Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators are small battery-powered devices placed in the chest to detect and stop irregular heartbeats. The ICD continuously monitors the heartbeat and delivers electric shocks to restore a regular heart rhythm. 
  • Stents are small mesh tubes that hold open passages in the body such as weak or narrow arteries. 
  • Ventricular Assist Device is a device that is implanted in your chest to help pump blood from your lower heart chambers to the rest of your body. 

7. Can Heart Disease Be Cured?

Heart disease cannot be cured but treatments such as the above can help manage the symptoms and reduce the chances of problems such as heart attacks. The best treatments are to make lifestyle changes and prevent your risk of heart disease. Regular exercise and decreasing your intake of unhealthy, especially fatty, foods is the best way to prevent heart disease. 

Sources:

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, October 1). Heart arrhythmia. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved March 3, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350668?utm_source=Google&utm_medium=abstract&utm_content=Cardiac-arrhythmia&utm_campaign=Knowledge-panel 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, September 27). About heart disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 18, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm 

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Matthew Laming

Client Relations Specialist at GLHCU. Graduate of Northwood University. General Geek and Nerd Enthusiast.

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The 9 Most Common Questions About Hypertension

Posted on by mlaming
The 9 Most Common Questions About Hypertension

What does hypertension mean?

Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure. Now just having high blood pressure randomly does not count as hypertension, your blood pressure needs to be higher consistently when measured. There is a 10 mm Hg threshold however where if someone falls within this normal range they are considered to be elevated and at risk for hypertension but not having the condition itself. 

Why is hypertension called the silent killer?

Hypertension is considered a silent killer since it is often undetected or unmonitored. Yes, blood pressure cuffs can be used to track one’s blood pressure but often individuals don’t pay it much mind. Furthermore, symptoms often don’t appear until the condition is critical. 

Are Hypertension and Blood Pressure the same?

They are not the same. Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure your circulating blood has against the wall of blood vessels. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted when blood is ejected into arteries while diastolic blood pressure is the pressure exerted within arteries between heartbeats. Furthermore, the two types of common blood pressure conditions are hypertension and hypotension. As mentioned before hypertension is when your blood pressure is too high while hypotension is when your blood pressure is too low which can create its own issues. 

How is Hypertension diagnosed?

Hypertension is diagnosed via recorded blood pressure levels. Per the CDC normal blood pressure for an adult is close to 120 mm Hg systolic and 80 mm Hg diastolic. If the measurement is in the 120 to 139 mm Hg systolic and 80-89 mm Hg range the blood pressure is considered elevated and at risk for hypertension. Finally, if an individual has a consistent blood pressure reading of 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic they are considered to have hypertension. Proper diagnosis will come from a medical professional. 

What causes hypertension?

The causes are a variety of effects over time. Things such as unhealthy lifestyle choices and other medical conditions can lead to the development of hypertension. Living a sedimentary lifestyle and eating unhealthy are two common and controllable causes of high blood pressure. 

Where does hypertension occur?

Hypertension occurs thought the body, anywhere there are blood vessels. However, the damage caused by high blood pressure often affects more than just the arteries. It can also damage the heart, brain, kidneys, and even eyes. 

How does Hypertension affect the body?

There are a few different ways hypertension can affect the body. First arteries can be damaged and impacted by high blood pressure which causes them to “have trouble supplying blood to the heart” resulting in “chest pain, irregular heart rhythms or a heart attack”(Mayo Clinic, 2022). Next, the increased difficulty moving blood forces “the heart to work harder to pump blood to the rest of the body” which “causes the lower left heart chamber to thicken”(Mayo Clinic, 2022). A thickened ventricle will increase your risk of things such as heart attacks, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. 

 

Next high blood pressure can affect the brain. “Studies suggest that high blood pressure can lead to mild cognitive impairment” stronger than what is typically experienced in old age (Mayo Clinic, 2022). In more serious cases “narrowed or blocked arteries can limit blood flow to the brain” leading to vascular dementia (Mayo Clinic, 2022). Hypertension can also affect the brain when damaged blood vessels “narrow, rupture or leak” resulting in brain cells losing oxygen and nutrients and therefore causing a stroke (Mayo Clinic, 2022). This can also happen when blood clots form in the arteries near the brain. Finally, it can cause a transient ischemic attack which is a “brief, temporary disruption of blood supply to the brain” (Mayo Clinic, 2022). This is often caused by hardened arteries or blood clots.  

 

When it comes to your kidneys there are two different kidney conditions caused by high blood pressure. The first is kidney scarring which is when “tiny blood vessels within the kidney become scared and unable to effectively filter fluid and waste for the blood” (Mayo Clinic, 2022). This often leads to the second condition kidney failure of which high blood pressure is one of the most common causes.  The “damaged blood vessels prevent kidneys from effectively filtering waste from the blood, allowing dangerous levels of fluid and water to collect”. 

 

Finally, high blood pressure can cause damage to your eyes. Hypertension can cause “damage to the blood vessels in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye” which can lead to “bleeding in the eye, blurred vision, and complete loss of vision” (Mayo Clinic, 2022). High blood pressure can also lead to fluid build-up under the retina often called choroidopathy. This can result in distorted vision and scarring of the retina. Finally “blocked blood flow can damage the optic nerve” leading to bleeding in the eye or vision loss. 

When is hypertension dangerous?

Hypertension can be dangerous at any time if not handled properly and changes are not made to your lifestyle. However, the higher the blood pressure the more dangerous it can become, and if your blood pressure ever reads over 180/110 you must seek medical attention right away since this is considered a hypertensive crisis. 

Can hypertension be cured?

There is currently no cure for hypertension however steps can be taken to lower your blood pressure over time. These include lifestyle changes, medication, and other controllable factors that often result in high blood pressure. This is more effective when done early and with more mild cases. We have created a list of these steps for your convince in a handy guide. Just click the button below. 

References: 

 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2022, January 14). How high blood pressure can affect the body. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 23, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/art-20045868#:~:text=High%20blood%20pressure%20forces%20the,failure%20and%20sudden%20cardiac%20death. 

 

Looking to lower your high blood pressure but don't know where to start? We got you covered. Just click the button below to get access to our FREE ebook on the topic.

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What is VA Aide and Attendance?

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What is Aide and Attendance?

The United States Department of Veteran Affairs offers in-home services to this county's veteran who has been wounded or could use extra help around the home due to their service. Once a veteran is deemed eligible, they contract with a company such as ourselves to provide that one on one care. Caregivers can aid a veteran in various daily living tasks such as bathing, dressing, and grooming. They can also help prepare meals and perform minor house cleaning tasks. However, there are some limitations on what caregivers can do for a veteran these include handling medication, anything involving cutting (hair or nails), and wound care. These tasks are often reserved for nurses only due to legal stipulations. These HHAs are provided to a veteran through a contracted organization (such as our own) and the VA either pay the company directly or in some cases will give you reimbursement for services you paid for. The organization and the veteran or veteran loved one will work together to set up a schedule for caregivers to come into the home, based on the allotted hours of care the VA has recommended. There are also instances where respite care will be provided as well. This type of care gives the veteran’s primary caregiver a break to do errands or other personal tasks. These hours are often over a yearly period and can be used at the veteran’s wish, as long as they do not exceed their allotted respite hours.

Ok if I get services, what services am I eligible for? 

HHA services often include helping a veteran with:

  • Bathing
  • Getting Dressed
  • Grooming
  • Meal Preparation
  • Feeding
  • Moving from place to place
  • Going to appointments
  • Using the bathroom

That’s interesting but how do I know if I am eligible for these services?

Home Health Aide services are part of a veterans VHA Standard Medical Benefits Package, therefore all that are enrolled are eligible if they meet the VA’s clinical need for the service. This is evaluated by a VA doctor who can prescribe HHA services. This often is often prescribed for veterans who are not able to take care of themselves anymore and need help doing the particular tasks mentioned above. A copay may be charged based on a veteran’s VA service-connected disability status. Service-connected disabilities are often the lead reason HHA services are prescribed but those with age-related debilities can also be eligible. So contact your veteran’s primary VA physician today.

Clinton County Circuit Court Rules Against Retroactive Policies

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New Auto No-Fault Court Ruling:
Kuhlgert (Ostendorf) v State Farm: Clinton County Circuit Court Case No. 21-12102-NF; Judge Shannon Schlegel

On Friday, May 13, 2022, Clinton County Circuit Court Judge Shannon Schlegel issued
an important decision regarding the retroactive applicability of the recently enacted legislative changes to Michigan’s Auto No-Fault Insurance Law. Specifically, in a ruling from the bench, Judge Schlegel held that the new fee schedule limitations contained in MCL 500.3157(7), enacted in 2019, cannot be retroactively applied to patients who purchased auto no-fault insurance policies and sustained injury prior to the effective date of the new provisions. Therefore, insurance companies cannot enforce these new fee schedule provisions to limit the level of reimbursements to medical providers who render services after July 1, 2021 to such previously injured patients.

In so ruling, Judge Schlegel held that the no-fault insurance policies purchased by such patients required the payment of “all reasonable charges” for reasonably necessary products, services, and accommodations for an injured person’s care, recovery, or rehabilitation, and insurers had the duty to pay those benefits without regard to any government “fee schedules.” Accordingly, the Court held that any effort to apply the new fee schedules to such patients injured prior to the new law would constitute an illegal attempt to retroactively enforce benefit reductions because the contractual right of those patients had “legally vested” as of the date of their injury. In reaching its decision, the Court relied on the recent decision of the Michigan Supreme Court in the case of Buhl v City of Oak Park, 507 Mich 236 (2021), which case sets forth four (4) factors that should be utilized to determine when legislation can be retroactively applied. Judge Schlegel ruled that all of those factors established that retroactive application of the new benefit cuts was not proper. Her decision came in the case of Kuhlgert (Ostendorf) v State Farm, Case No. 21-12102-NF, where the Plaintiff was represented by George Sinas, Catherine Tucker, and Lauren Kissel of the Sinas Dramis Law Firm in Lansing.

Judge Schlegel is the fifth Michigan Circuit Judge to reach the conclusion that the benefit limitations set forth in the new 2019 no-fault law cannot be retroactively enforced as to patients who purchased auto insurance policies and were injured prior to the effective date of the new legislation. The other judges so ruling in these earlier cases were: Genesee County Circuit Court Judge F. Kay Behm in the case of Melrose v Nationwide Mutual Ins Co, Case No. 19-113455-NF; Kent County Circuit Court Judge Mark A. Trusock in the case of Advisacare Healthcare Solutions, Inc v Progressive Marathon Ins Co, Case No. 21-1118-NF; Calhoun County Circuit Judge Sarah S. Lincoln in the case of Thomason v Allstate Ins Co, Case No. 2011-281-NF; and Washtenaw County Circuit Court Judge Archie C. Brown in the case of Gedda v State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins Co, Case No. 22-152-NF.

Source: CPAN Press Release Dated 5-17-2022

Top 10 Questions (+1 Bonus Question) You Have to Ask Before Hiring a Home Health Care Company

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When many people begin their search for a home health care agency they are often inexperienced and can easily get lost with all of the different duties that have been thrust upon them. Between trying to care for their loved ones and maintaining their home life it is hard to do the research needed to find the right kind of care for a loved one. That is where this small, handy list of questions can come in and help. We have compiled a list of 10 questions that we are often asked when interviewed as a home care company plus a bonus question we feel is essential to ask every company you work with! We at GLHCU have also added a reason why you should ask each question and our responses to them. 

1) What is your agency's plan for if a caregiver calls off?

 

Why ask this question: It is important to know if the agency has a backup plan. Caregiver call-offs are inevitable, even the best caregivers have to call in from time to time. Most companies will have a caregiver or two who are a good fit for the home as back up and hopefully, they have trained with your loved one or been to the home before. It is also a good time to ask how many caregivers they have in the area or which caregivers they have in mind for your home. This question is also essential because if the company does not have a back up they may require you or another loved one to stay with the client instead. 

 

Our Response: It is always our goal to have a backup plan if a caregiver is unable to make a shift.  We have multiple caregivers across the state who can fill a variety of shifts. We also don't take a case unless we have the needed caregivers and backup caregivers ready to work (Typically 2 for cases with fewer hours, all the way up to 6 caregivers for a 24/7 case). We then continue to hire in the area to build up a pool of local caregivers who can pick up a shift whenever needed. As a last resort, we have proven caregivers who are willing to travel further to help out our clients in need. Though these caregivers would prefer to work closer to their homes, they are often ready and willing to help out at a moment's notice.

 

2) How do you provide credible caregivers?

 

Why ask this question: In-home care is a very personal service and sometimes your loved one is in a very vulnerable state due to their condition(s). You are not just having someone come and provide a service but also trusting them to take care of your loved one. With all of these factors, a company must provide credible caregivers. Ask them about their vetting process and how they make sure your loved one is safe with these people in their home. Yes, they may say that they do a background check and drug screen, but how in-depth is it? Some checks are limited to a county while others are for the whole country. Also, some drug tests only test for a few items while others test for a large variety. You do not want someone in your loved one’s home who has a behavior pattern of stealing or is continually under the influence of some drug. 

 

Our Response: Though not all of our caregivers are licensed, such as CNA or MA, most of our caregivers have years of experience in the field. Before we hire anyone we conduct a full reference check. This includes calling their previous employment and personal references. We also only hire caregivers that pass a national background check, sex offender registry check, the office of inspector general check, and finally, a 13-panel drug test. All of these checks are done yearly and we do reserve the right to randomly drug test if needed. We also verify all caregivers have a valid driver's license and auto insurance.

 

3) How do I know if my caregiver is working the hours they are supposed to, and how can I get status updates on the services they are providing to my loved ones?

 

Why ask the question: This is especially important when a loved one does not live with you or care is provided when you are not in the home. It can often be hard to know if your loved one is getting the proper care or even if the caregiver was there. Now, most companies will have some form of the way for caregivers to clock in and out but the systems vary in reliability and detail. Most programs do require a call in from a preselected line or some even are GPS enabled and limit clock in/out to a specific range of the address. Also, a proper company will have signed documentation of what they are doing for your loved one. These records should be available to family members or some even leave a carbon copy in the home upon request. 

 

Our Response: We schedule our caregivers a month in advance and provide a schedule to the household/family every month. Our system also has a family portal. This is where you can monitor the care of your loved one. This portal has a live schedule, a feed of what tasks have and have not been completed in the home, and the option to add notes or special tasks. All communication in the portal goes directly to our staff who can answer any questions you may have about your loved one and their care. Our caregivers are required to clock in and out either via a smartphone with GPS tracking or our telephony system. This is all to make sure that your loved one gets the care they need. Finally, all of our caregivers are required to fill out a home visit record/note that details their shift. 

 

4) Can I get a caregiver who has experience with a specific disease or disability?

 

Why ask the question: The same reason you would not ask someone who can’t cook to cater your wedding. Yes, they can do it, but you may all be eating grilled cheese and tomato soup. All jokes aside, it is important to ask this question if you have someone with a specific disease or disability (Including but not limited to Dementia, Parkinson’s, and Traumatic Brain Injury). Yes someone without experience with a specific disease can still care for someone who needs the specialized help, but they often lack the tools those who have experience can call upon. 

 

Our Response: Absolutely! We make sure to match up a caregiver's experience with the home. For example, a client with dementia will receive a caregiver with dementia experience. If a caregiver needs a refresher or has limited experience with a disease we make sure they are fully trained by our Nursing Supervisor before they are sent to the home. 

 

5) How quickly will a provider be able to respond in an emergency?

 

Why ask the question: Emergencies happen. Whether it is a medical emergency for the patient or a natural disaster, a care company should always have some form of a plan. If they do, you may even want to request a copy of their procedures. Most companies will have a plan they can produce for you within a few hours. Most companies will have some form of on-call but if you have an important medical question you may be SOL if they don’t have a nurse available. 

 

Our Response: In the case of a medical emergency, the client, caregiver, or family should call 911 before contacting us. However, we have a 24/7 on-call staff that can answer any questions you have or any other issues that may arise. This includes situations such as if a caregiver does not show up or you have an important schedule change. On top of that, we have a licensed nurse who can answer any medical questions at a moment’s notice. We work hard to make sure that you are kept up to date and your loved one is cared for, even after "normal" business hours. On top of that, we have a what to do in case of an emergency sheet in every one of our binders in a client’s home, so our caregivers can reference it if they are ever lost on how to act.

 

6) Can your agency provide any references?

 

Why should you ask this question: Established companies should be able to provide a list of references. If they aren’t able to, it may be a concern. Yes, HIPPA laws will prevent them from just giving you a list of current clients, but those that have been providing quality care for a while should at least have a few people who have volunteered to be referenced for potential clients. These references should easily be able to answer any of your questions about the company and receiving services from them. A bonus would be clients who have similar conditions to your loved ones. 

 

Our Response: Absolutely, we have a few different clients who have offered to be a reference for us and our caregivers. They have offered to talk to others about the services we provide and their experience as a client of our company. 

 

7) How do the agency train and monitor caregivers? Does the agency provide continuing education?

 

Why ask the question: Training can be crucial for new caregivers entering the field and therefore crucial to the care of your loved one. Newer caregivers will need training on basics and most companies should have some form of a training program, especially one put on by a nurse. This is where caregivers can pick up on skills such as taking manual blood pressures, using a gait belt, and more. On top of that, a company should have a continuing education program to help their caregivers and nurses stay up to date on their training and advancements in the field. 

 

Our Response: We currently have a training program in place for all of our employees run by our head registered nurse. There she walks our caregivers through all of the essential tasks they should know how to do before going out into the field. If there is a more specific skill a caregiver has to learn before entering a home for work, she will teach them one on one until they have a solid grasp on how to do it. Some training may even take place in the home to get a caregiver familiar with the tools in the home and the client. Continuing education is provided for our licensed caregivers and nurses. They complete modules online to further their education and stay on top of advances.

 

8) What resources does the agency provide for financial assistance, if needed? For instance, is a payment plan available?

 

Why ask the question: Getting care for a loved one can be a little expensive depending on the level of care, the company, and a few other factors. That is why it is important to ask if companies have a way to financially assist you. This can include what type of insurance they take if any fees apply if a client is not able to pay their bill on time due to financial issues and if payment plans are available. You may also want to ask how flexible the company is on hours and days, if the financial burden is too much could you decrease hours without penalty?

 

Our Response: We work with a wide variety of insurances, claims adjusters, and payer sources to make in-home care more affordable for our clients. Our billing department is always happy and willing to help in any way possible. If the client is a veteran, we work with the Department of Veteran’s Affairs and provide informative literature about the different benefits a veteran or surviving spouse can receive. If your loved one needs care due to an auto accident or has a long-term care insurance policy, we work hard with insurance and claim adjusters to make sure your loved one’s care is paid for. We take all the hassle of such by working directly with those companies and providing supporting documentation so your loved one gets continued care.

 

9) Will you receive a written care plan before service begins?

 

Why ask the question: The care plan should include details about medical equipment, specific care needs, and responsibilities of the aide or agency. It should also contain input from the doctor, and be updated frequently. Care plans are meant to be a resource for all aids coming into the home and often also contain what tasks are asked of the caregiver. These should also include emergency contact information and be easily accessed by a caregiver. 

 

Our Response: Though we do not typically send a plan of care to relatives before starting care, one is always in the binder we keep in each home. We will gladly send one upon request. After an initial assessment, the information will be put into our scheduling system and a plan of care will be created and sent to the home before care starts. Our caregivers have access to this before they go to their shifts and are advised to read over it before starting their shifts. These care plans are updated yearly or if a major change happens in a client’s life or needed care. These plans of care also have emergency contact information at the top so a caregiver can contact you in case of a medical emergency. 

 

 

 

10) How are problems addressed and resolved? Whom can you or another family member contact with requests, questions, or complaints? Will the agency work directly with you or your loved one, family members, and health care providers?

 

Why ask the question: This is essential because communication is key. Problems can arise with such a personal service. Some family members, yourself, or the client may not be happy with the way services are currently being provided. You may also not like a certain caregiver or there may be a conflict between the client and caregiver. If such problems arise it is important to know who you need to talk with to resolve these issues. It is also key to know how such problems are resolved. Do they just get put in a book and dismissed or are they fully investigated and properly resolved. Some companies may even just say you have to deal with it. As far as working with others, a good home care company should be communicating with all individuals involved. This communication has to be clear and speedy to solve any problems and make sure your loved one gets the best care. 

 

Our Response: As far as any employee and client conflicts we have a few different approaches. The most common one is if a client does not want a caregiver back or the caregiver wishes to not return then we mark so in our system and take said caregiver off the schedule. In more serious cases the authorities may need to be involved and a dissolvent of the relationship may need to take place (whether caregiver to company or client to the company). We never want to put your loved one or our caregivers in harm's way. All such requests or complaints will be directed toward or office staff who will handle the situation. If you have questions about a specific topic, we provide a list of our employees and their specialty at the time of a client opening. Therefore you are educated on who to contact with your questions or we at the office can direct your call as well. All medical questions will be answered by our on-call registered nurse who will update you and the plan of care as needed. Finally, our scheduling system allows you to have access to what is going on in the home while our caregivers are there. Our caregivers can leave notes on how the shift went and if there was any cause for concern with the client. These notes are available in the client portal and if there is a change in the client's condition, our nurse and office staff are immediately notified through our system or the caregiver often calls to let us know. This information is all relayed to those involved in the client’s care.  

 

Bonus Questions: Why was your company founded?

 

Why ask the question: This can give you an idea of the people behind the company and its story. Some people are just in it for the money, plain and simple while others have a solid reason behind why they decided to start a company and provide care to others. These stories are often more than just they like to help others or like working with the elderly. Those who are in it for the money often make less empathetic decisions and care more about the profit than the client and caregivers. However, those who have a solid reason to be in business are typically the ones who go above and beyond because they were in your shoes once or currently still are.

 

Our Response:  For over 30 years Matt & Beth have been the caregivers for their handicapped son. They've had to deal with companies that provided caregivers & nurses that were unreliable and unskilled. That's why they created Great Lakes Home Care Unlimited 7 years ago. They knew others deserved better care and to be treated like family. We understand what it is like to be in your shoes and have to care for a loved one. It is the reason we get up and work hard to give people the kind of care they deserve, every day!